Archive pour » août, 2009 «

Lutte contre la pauvreté : les bases

16 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

La lutte contre la pauvreté a longtemps été considérée comme un enjeu provincial et fédéral. C’est toujours vrai - mais plus tout à fait. Les municipalités peuvent dorénavant jouer un rôle. C’est un rôle mineur mais ça ne devrait pas empêcher les citoyens d’exercer leur vigilance sur les actions municipales qui peuvent y contribuer.

D’autant plus que c’est un rôle qui est appelé à prendre de l’importance.

Pour ceux qui ne veulent pas lire ce texte un peu ardu voici un résumé:

L’État reconnaît son impuissance devant les nouvelles formes de pauvreté et s’attend à ce que les collectivités locales s’en occupent. La municipalité  est appellée à jouer un rôle de plus en plus important  - mais avec peu de moyens.

Pour les ceuses-là qui voudraient en savoir plus ; voici la suite :

plus…

Noise

14 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

At the last neigborhood public council, Michel Prescott has informed a citizen that he had been working FOR TWO YEARS on a commitee to modernize the noise regulation.

TWO YEARS !!!!!!!!!!!!

Wait ! It’s getting even better. At a public meeting of his party in June, he ad that if he was re-elected, he would devote his energy to this task in the next mandate.

Frankly Michel, we hope you won’t have to .

If you read this, can you please tell us what is so long and so difficult about modernizing this law since other cities -  and some as close as Outremont  - have already done it ?

If you want to save a lot of time on this, vote for us - because we will simply apply those perfectly good rules the morning after our election…if it is not a week end.

Outremont’s  bylaw on week end’s contruction works

Interdit: le fait de faire des travaux de construction, y compris la démolition, la réfection, la

livraison de matériaux et autres travaux semblables entre 19 heures et 7h30 ainsi que

toute la journée le dimanche et les autres jours où la majorité des citoyens de l’Île de

Montréal est en congé; le samedi est considéré comme jour de semaine, sauf pour

les travaux faits pour le compte de compagnie dites d’utilité publique;

Outremont’s bylaw on lawnmore and  garden power tools :

Interdit: le fait d’utiliser un aspirateur-souffleur à feuilles ou de tout appareil de même nature :

a) en tout temps du 1er juin au 30 septembre;

b) avant 8 h et après 20 h du lundi au vendredi du 1er octobre au 31 mai;

c) avant 9 h et après 17 h le samedi du 1er octobre au 31 mai;

d) en tout temps le dimanche et les jours fériés.

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f.2) le fait d’utiliser une tondeuse à moteur, une tondeuse autoportée, un taille-bordure à

moteur, un coupe-herbe à moteur ou de tout appareil de même nature :

a) avant 8 h et après 20 h du lundi au vendredi;

b) avant 9 h et après 17 h le samedi;

c) en tout temps le dimanche et les jours fériés.

Portland’s bylaw on dynamic breaking (frein jacob pour Geneviève)

No person shall operate any motor vehicle in excess of 10,000 pounds GCWR, in any residential zone of the City or within 200 feet of any dwelling unit, school, hospital or library, with a dynamic braking device engaged except to avoid imminent danger.
Outremont’s bylaw on car alarms

Interdit : l’usage de tout dispositif avertisseur de véhicule, sauf en cas de danger ou pour éviter

un danger;
Outremont’s bylaw on deliveries

Interdit: les opérations commerciales et industrielles suivantes entre 19 h et 8 h :

1º le chargement et le déchargement d’un camion par tout moyen, quel qu’il soit, sauf dans le cas de chargement d’équipement de spectacle dans un camion dans une rue commerciale à la suite d’un spectacle devant un théâtre.
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…….And the very last and most funny one
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Le Plateau’s bylaw on garbage collections in back alleys (yeap, on this, we have a very good law that has been adopted after 5 years of constant lobbying by a group of citizens of Rivard street unfortunatly no one care to enforce it) :

Il est interdit au conducteur d’un camion ou d’un véhicule-outil de circuler :

à des fins de collecte et de transport des ordures, entre 21 h et 8 h, dans les ruelles

suivantes, et visées par une signalisation illustrée à l’annexe I du présent règlement :

a) la ruelle située entre les rues Rivard et Saint-Denis, de la rue Roy à la rue Duluth;

b) la rue Généreux, de la rue de Bordeaux à la rue Resther;

c) la ruelle Simard, de la rue Cartier à la rue Resther;

d) la ruelle située sur le côté est de l’avenue du Parc, de l’avenue Fairmount à l’avenue Van

Horne;

e) la ruelle située sur le côté ouest de l’avenue du Parc, de la rue Bérubé à l’avenue Van

Horne ;

f) la ruelle située sur le côté ouest du boulevard Saint-Laurent, de la rue Guilbault Ouest à la

rue Prince-Arthur Ouest;

g) la ruelle située sur le côté ouest du boulevard Saint-Laurent, entre l’avenue Duluth Ouest

et l’avenue des Pins Ouest;

h) la ruelle située sur le côté est de la rue Saint-Denis, de l’avenue Duluth Est à la rue Gilford;

i) la ruelle située sur le côté ouest de la rue Saint-Denis, de l’avenue des Pins Ouest à la rue

Gilford;

j) la ruelle située sur le côté ouest de l’avenue du Parc, de la rue Milton à la rue Sherbrooke

Ouest;

k) la ruelle Lavers, au sud de la rue Prince-Arthur Est, de la rue Saint-Dominique à l’avenue

Coloniale;

l) la rue St-Dominique, de la rue Sherbrooke Est à la rue Rachel Est.


Isn’t cool Michel, I just saved you four years !!!
Catégorie: Réflexions  | Un commentaire

Bancs publics

13 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

Les amoureux se bécotent sur les bancs publics, bancs publics, bancs publics…..

Encore une façon d’introduire l’art public (nb: je considère les évocations champêtres et minimalistes comme de l’art public).

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Et ma préférée… parce que la dame  a sans doutetrouvé que c’était à elle d’ajouter la partie artistique manquante à ce banc qui en manquait terriblement (photo prise à Montréal par Christopher Dewolf):

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Catégorie: Réflexions  | 10 commentaires

Chaises

13 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

Autre élément dans ma série sur les accessoires urbains qui humanisent les villes : les chaises.

Dans le jardin du Luxembourg, les chaises sont laissées libres parce que le jardin comme tous les parcs de la ville de Paris sont clôturés, gardés et fermés à 11h00. Même chose pour Bryant park à New York. À cet égard nos parcs sont supérieurs ou plus précisément, sont représentatifs d’une société plus paisible parce que plus égalitaire.

Il faudra donc trouver d’autres moyens pour mettre à la disposition du public des chaises libres. Un projet pilote auquel je rêve: les donner en location (1$ par jour). La location serait gérée par des tites tites tites entreprises (c’est-à-dire, des personnes sans emploi bénéficiant d’un programme social, ou des organisations sans buts lucratifs qui s’en serviraient pour financer leurs activités.

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Et m a préférée de toutes : ce banc public dans un quartier pauvre de Hong-Kong. Comme dirait ma belle soeur :

e…wow.

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Catégorie: Réflexions  | Un commentaire

Les parcs naturalisés

12 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

Le dernier billet donnait l’exemple d’un parc et de sa fontaine hyper construit . Gilles Clément, le père du parc Javel Citroën, dans le 15ième arrondissement à Paris - un autre parc hyper construit - a tourné sa veste et est devenu une figure de proue des parcs naturalisés.

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Vue du parc Javel Citroën

La belle équipe qui s’intéresse au champs du Mile End penche vers ce type d’aménagement  minimal. Un des parcs de monsieur Clément pourrait aisément servir de référence pour ce terrain.

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L’idée du vide d’aménagement et d’une nature changeante se prête à merveille à celle du contrôle des finances publiques : voir les nombreux articles de ce site  à ce sujet.

Ces parcs doivent-ils être prévus seulement pour les espaces en marge, comme le champs du Mile End ou les abords des voies ferrées ou pour l’ensemble des parcs ?

Roger Latour, il va sans dire, penche pour la seconde option.

Quant à moi, je n’en suis pas certain. J’aime l’idée d’évasion et la frugalité des parcs naturalisés, mais je constate en même temps que toute une faune d’humains les considèreraient moins accessibles (je pense aux personnes âgées et à une partie de la gente féminine après le crépuscule). À documenter.

Catégorie: Réflexions  | Un commentaire

Bordeaux

11 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

Geneviève m’envoie cette page de photos de la fontaine miroir de Bordeaux

Pour les paresseux, voici un échantillon.

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En plus, comme elle a un penchant cruel, elle me fait remarquer qu’il y a un Château derrière, un fleuve accessible aux piétons devant et un tram qui passe entre les deux.

Mauvaise nouvelle pour toi Geneviève, bien que notre Place des festivals ne fasse pas le poids devant le cumul de tous ces atouts, j’ai trouvé une façon de résister à l’envie qui me dévore : en améliorant en toute simplicité ce que nous avons ici. Bon, ça va prendre 20 ans, mais ça ne coûtera pas cher et ce sera significatif tant au regard de la vie de quartier que de l’attrait international. Tu verras bien…..

Merci pour les photos

Catégorie: Réflexions  | 4 commentaires

Fontaine, je ne boirai pas de ton eau

11 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

Tu remarqueras Patrice Hans que le premier article sur les fontaines mettait l’accent sur les fontaines à l’eau potable - d’où le titre. Ce sont des fontaines fonctionnelles, qui, outre leur fonction première (désaltérer) pourraient aussi servir à l’agriculture urbaine ou au moins à faciliter la tâche des citoyens qui choisissent de verdir et fleurir les abords des arbres sur le domaine public. As-tu sursauté en prenant note de l’introduction de l’agriculture urbaine ? Je te laisse à ta surprise et compte annoncer quelques expériences pilotes super rigolotes quand le temps sera venu. Toujours est-il que nous aurons besoin d’eau.

Pour ce qui est des fontaines ornementales; ces hauts lieux de la douceur urbaine dont tu parles avec tant d’à propos et de justesse poétique, je te laisse les photos de mes deux préférées (parce que ce sont en même temps des jardins de silence). Je profite de ce que tu lises encore pour te dire que nous n’avons pas les budgets sur le Plateau  pour se lancer dans de tels ouvrages. Pour l’instant il nous faut donc nous contenter de rêver.

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I’m back from Manitoba. I spent a day in Winnipeg. Report.

11 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

Winnipeg has been planed by generations of mayors and city officials who had no vision for their city (not just their city but any cities).

Four concepts have been put in practice in a superb manner:

1) How to get to the core of downtown in less than 5 minutes from any suburb (therefore depriving residents of any practical reason to live downtown).

2) How to get the hell out of there in less than five minutes – even at rush hour – when you are finished work (therefore depriving the workers of any other experience of the city than their alienating work – make sure that for them the experience of the city stays a torture and only a torture)

3) How to park in your building or at less then a minute from it (therefore making all historical building totally useless for offices – and providing landlords with excellent reasons to abandon them).

4) How to make sure that you don’t have to go out at the lunch hour (or more realistically quarter of an hour) by building passages between building and malls. Then again I haven’t experienced Winipeg winter.

Despite this systematic destruction of the city, there are still stubborn idiots who think there is not enough parking in Winnipeg. Most fortunately there is also a crowd of intelligent urban citizens who have opened a discussion with them.

This being said, there are still a few things we can learn from them (I’m sure there are a lot more, but these are the ones I could see in a very short visit).

1) The city is clean and tag free despite some apparent social challenges downtown. How do they do this ??? I think it has something to do with the hard working ethic of people in this province. There is something else. I wasn’t there long but I haven’t come across any aggressive youth. I will research this: maybe they have excellent social programs. Or is it just that people are laid back and peacefull.

2) Lots of sidewalks are covered with flowers either by the municipality in the Exchange district or most interestingly by residents themselves in the Wolseley area. They make huge gardens on the public realm. But guess what? I don’t have pictures. The battery of my camera went dead, arghhhhhhhhhhhhh!!! If anybody has pictures of these beautiful mini gardens please send it to me !!!!!!!!

New : Laurent found a picture of one of them  - this one is not big compare with the most sticking ones  but it shows what I wanted to show : a personnel and benevolent effort to make the city better (note the little bench that has been put there - a welcoming touch)  :

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If anybody has more pictures please send them - because their gardens are trully amazing and the spirit that they need and represent is, I think, unique in the world.

3) But most importantly, they have the most fabulous urban forest of elm trees in the world. This plantation was made possible by narrowing the space devoted to the cars and enlarging the one devoted to the trees. The planner who did this decades ago could qualify for modern street design today : go see skinny street.

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Catégorie: Réflexions  | 4 commentaires

J’accuse 2 de 3

11 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

En cette journée où le juge Gomery se joint à notre organisation, il me semble indiqué de parler de corruption.

Il est possible – l’enquête nous le dira – que nous ayons collectivement payé 25 % en trop (et peut-être même plus) pour le contrat des compteurs d’eau. Cette somme de 100 millions est équivalente à la restauration complète d’une cinquantaine de parcs (jeux, égouts, infrastructures, aménagements, pataugeuses, etc.). Je vous le dis pour que vous puissiez y penser la prochaine fois où vous en verrez un dans un état lamentable.

On se rappelle que cette affaire s’est retrouvée sous les projecteurs des medias parce le président du Conseil Exécutif, monsieur Zampino, a eu le mauvais goût de devenir le Vice-président de la firme ayant remporté le contrat.

N’eut été de cette bourde, il n’est pas évident que nous en aurions entendu parler puisque la corruption municipale concerne presque toujours des contrats de construction ou de services dont les détails techniques sont difficiles à suivre pour le commun des mortels.

Pour ceux qui n’ont pas envie de se plonger tous les matins dans la lecture des contrats municipaux pour y déceler des entourloupettes en tout genre, voici une liste résumée des méthodes de corruption les plus courantes :

1) La collusion entre les soumissionnaires. Les soumissionnaires s’entendent pour demander un prix du double ou du triple de l’évaluation des travaux faite (ou plus souvent commandée) par la Ville. Cette méthode fonctionne particulièrement bien pour les travaux urgents (souvent des promesses politiques qui doivent être réalisées avant les élections). Dans ce cas, le directeur général reçoit souvent l’ordre de procéder même si le prix semble abusif par rapport à l’évaluation initiale.

2) La restriction du nombre de soumissionnaires. En restreignant le nombre de candidats pouvant répondre à un appel d’offres, le gestionnaire corrompu s’assure de pouvoir faire atterrir le contrat dans des mains amies. Une façon courante de procéder consiste à refuser certaines soumissions en prétendant qu’elles ne répondent pas à telle ou telle exigence. Il n’est pas rare non plus de faire avorter un appel de propositions (pour toutes sortes de raisons) et de le relancer plus tard  en édictant des conditions de participation qui n’étaient pas présentes dans le premier concours (ce qui évidemment réduit le nombre de gestionnaires).

3) La restriction du nombre de soumissionnaires par les pairs. Il s’agit pour les firmes de ne pas soumissionner sur un concours pour laisser une firme amie le faire – faveur qui est rendue par la firme gagnante pour le prochain concours. Il y a aussi la méthode brutale qui consiste à décourager une firme compétitrice de soumissionner sur un contrat.

4) Le dépassement de coûts. Lorsqu’une firme de génie ou de construction obtient un contrat, elle affecte automatiquement une équipe à l’évaluation des «extras», i.e. de tous les travaux supplémentaires nécessaires à la réalisation de l’ouvrage mais n’ayant pas été identifiés dans le devis initial. Un des domaines les plus fréquents est la sous-évaluation au moment du contrat du niveau de contamination de la terre.

5) La sous-qualité. Consiste à réduire la qualité pour tous les travaux ne faisant pas l’objet d’une description précise (ex : largeur des murs non spécifiée ou type d’ancrages non précisés, etc.).

6) La surfacturation des heures de planification, de conception ou de gestion. Ce sont les heures qui sont les plus chères (jusqu’à 250$ de l’heure) et qui échappent le plus facilement à la vérification.

7) Etc.

On aurait tort de croire que la corruption se limite à ces recettes courantes. Les cas les plus spectaculaires impliquent aussi de la fausse facturation ; du détournement de fonds, des pots de vin, etc.

Devant cette panoplie de moyens de tricher, l’honnête citoyen pourrait se demander comment diable contrôler ce monstre.

Il faut partir du constat selon lequel la corruption n’est pas le seul produit de gens malhonnêtes. C’est le produit d’un système malade où plusieurs conditions doivent être réunies.

La première est l’absence de contrôle.

À Montréal, les abus sont facilités par le fait que le contrôle des travaux échappe dorénavant à la ville. Le service des plans et profil – qui pouvait faire un travail d’évaluation serré a été aboli. On engage maintenant des firmes privées pour faire ce travail. Sans expertise initiale, il devient très difficile de contrôler les appels d’offres mais aussi de faire le suivi de la qualité et la gestion de projet.

Une autre forme de contrôle qui a été abolie est la publication des avis avec réserve. L’avis avec réserve est un avis émis par un fonctionnaire avec une réserve concernant le prix, la légitimité ou toute autres causes majeures qui le pousse à vouloir attirer l’attention sur un projet. Ces avis étaient autrefois disponibles pour tous les élus - y compris ceux de l’opposition. Ils ne le sont plus.

La deuxième, c’est la culture du gaspillage. Très peu de gens volent les entreprises et les organisations parcimonieuses. Le vol se produit souvent quand le voleur justifie son méfait en le comparant à d’autres formes de pertes dont il est témoin (décisions injustifiées, travaux inutiles ou mal faits, employés sans surveillance, achats inutiles etc. etc.). Quand un élu décide de favoriser la construction d’un parc dans son arrondissement alors que le nombre d’habitants ne le justifie pas par exemple; il règne l’impression que le gaspillage de fonds publics est permis. De là à ce que le vol le soit, il n’y a qu’un pas que plusieurs s’empressent de franchir.

La troisième est la culture de l’impunité. Dans une organisation où les décisions sont centralisées (pour des raisons politiques) dans les mains de quelques uns et que ces gens n’ont pas les moyens de tout surveiller, il se développe une déresponsabilisation des gestionnaires et des employés qui permet à pratiquement tout le monde de se laver les mains quand les choses tournent mal ou quand ils sont témoins de gestes répréhensibles.

Voilà où je voulais en venir. Je trouve que la Presse se trompe en mettant les projecteurs sur la recherche de quelques escrocs qu’on espère épingler mais tout en reconnaissant implicitement ou explicitement que le Maire et les autres membres du Conseil Exécutif sont sans doute innocents.

Je les accuse au contraire d’être les premiers coupables. Ce sont eux qui ont mis en place la culture de gestion dans laquelle la corruption est devenue possible. Ils ne se sont pas sauvés en courant avec le magot, mais ils ont démantelé les expertises nécessaires, démobilisé les employés vigilants et déresponsabilisés ceux qui auraient été capables de se dresser devant l’injustice.

Fontaine je boirai de ton eau

10 août 2009 | Auteur: Luc Ferrandez

Aprés les kiosques, voici un autre artefact urbain pratiquement absent de notre ville: la fontaine. Je ne parle pas des fontaines monumentales qui ornent les places publiques, mais des petites fontaines fonctionnelles qui pourraient orner les petites places et les coins de parcs.

Dans mes nombreux voyages en Europe, ces fontaines ont souvent été  mes amies. On me dit qu’elles pourraient attirer les clochards de tout accabit qui seraient trop heureux d’y découvrir un accessoire de leur camping urbain. Si la fontaine ne crée pas le clochards, je dois avouer que je ne vois aucune objection à ce qu’ils les utilisent.

Nous avons déjà des abreuvoirs dans nos parcs; ce serait facile d’en transformer quelques uns en points d’eau plus généreux. Par ailleurs, la fontaine que j’aurais voulu exposer dans ce blogue n’existe pas: elle serait sur une petite place publique, à l’ombre et elle inonderait un petit bassin de pieds où quelques vieux du quartiers iraient se rafraîchir les jambes.

Pourquoi pas; saviez-vous que nos piscines nous coûtent 2,2 millions et qu’ils rafraîchissent une bien faible portion de la population.

Finalement, et ce n’est pas rien, les fontaines se prêtent à l’art public.

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Catégorie: Réflexions  | 8 commentaires

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